Краткий радиолюбительский глоссарий на английском языке

[Barracuda]

Adjacent-channel interference When a receiver is tuned to a specific frequency and interfer-enceis received on a nearby frequency.
AF (Audio Frequency)
AFC (Automatic Frequency Control) Automatically compensate frequency drift.
AFSK (Audio Frequency Shift Keying)
AGC (Automatic Gain Control) Automatically optimize receiver amplifier gain.
ALC (Automatic Limiting Control) Limits RF drive level to power amplifier during transmit to pre-vent distortion.
AM (Amplitude Modulation)
AMSAT (AMateur SATellite)
AMTOR (AMateur Teleprinting Over Radio) A form of RTTY, radio teletype.
ANF (Automatic Notch Filter)
ANL (Automatic Noise Limiter)Eliminates impulse and static noise peaks.
ANT (ANTenna) Term used for a RF reference potential for some types of an-tennas. Most unbalanced or asymmetrical antennas need a good RF ground.
Antenna impedance The impedance of an antenna at its resonance. Although an antenna’s impedance fluctuates with the frequency of opera-tion, an antenna should be 50 .for most transceivers.
Antenna matching When the antenna’s impedance at resonance is at optimum performance for your transmitter output circuit.
Antenna tuner Device used to match an antenna to the output impedance of a transmitter.
APC (Automatic Power Control) Current limiting of power amplifier to prevent damage to fi-nals in high SWR conditions.
APRS (Automatic Position Reporting System) In conjunction with a GPS and TNC provide position report-ing.
ARES (Amateur Radio Emergency Service) ARES is a public-service organization of the ARRL.
ARRL (The American Radio Relay League The National Association for Amateur Radio in the US.
ASCII (American National Standard Code for Information Inter-change) A seven-unit digital code for the transmission of teleprinter data.
ATT (ATTenuator) A network designed to reduce the amplitude of a signal.
ATV (Amateur Television) FSTV, SSTV
Auto patch Used in repeater operation for telephone interconnect.
Average power Power measured on standard power meter.
Backscatter Form of ionosphere propagation via the E and F layers al-lowing stations to hear other stations within the skip zones.
Balun A simple transformer used to change an unbalanced input to a balanced output.
Band A range of frequencies.
Bandwidth Frequency needed for particular type of emission.
Bank Memory bank
BCI (BroadCast Interference)
BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillator)
BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman) A type of antenna connector
BPF (BandPass Filter)
Busy lockout Inhibits transmit on a frequency in use
Call sign Sequence of letter and numbers used to identify amateur radio operators and issued by the FCC.
CAP (Civil Air Patrol) Volunteer affiliate of the United States Air Force.
Carrier An unmodulated transmitted signal.
Carrier frequency offset (=Carrier Shift) Distance between mark and space of the carrier for RTTY or similar communications.
CBR (Cross Band Repeater) A repeater which receive incoming signal and re-transmit it in different bands— e.g. receives 144 MHz bands and re-trans-mits 430(440) MHz bands.
CCW (Counter ClockWise)
CH (CHannel) Sequence of memory positions where frequency and related information is stored.
CI-V Icom computer Control Interface allows multiple radio control simultaneously.
Conversion Number of IF circuits in the receiver.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
CQ Radio communications term used to call others.
CTCSS (Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System) Adds a continuous sub-audible low frequency tone to the transmitted carrier. Receivers set for the same low frequency tone can decode signal.
CW 1) Carrier Wave 2) ClockWise
CW filter Used to narrow IF passband to improve reception in crowded band conditions.
Data communications Transfer of data between two or more locations.
dBd Unit of RF power as compared to a dipole antenna.
dBi Unit of RF power as compared to an isotropic antenna.
dBm Decibels measure, 1 mW with a load impedance of 600 .(0 dBm=1 mW).
DC (Direct Current)
DC ground A connection point directly to chassis or battery ground to prevent build-up of hazardous DC voltages.
Deviation A measurement for a FM signals for the maximum carrier fre-quency changes either side of the carrier frequency.
Distress call Signals a life-threatening situation. Most commonly referred to as an SOS or MAYDAY call.
Distress frequency A frequency or channel specific for use in distress calling. Ra-diotelephone distress frequencies are 2.182 MHz and 156.8 MHz. Survival craft use 243 MHz. Maritime distress frequen-cies are the same, while general aviation frequencies are 121.5 MHz.
Downlink (Uplink) Frequency that repeater or satellite transmits on to a user.
DSP (Digital Signal Processor) Used to improve the signal to noise ratio for clearer and more legible communications. Relatively new to the ham radio.
DTCS (Digital Tone Coded Squelch) A Selective call system
DTMF (Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (=touch-tone)) Used for transmit/receive numeric information such as phone number, PIN, remote radio control commands etc.
Dualwatch Receiving two signals simultaneously.
Dummy load A non radiating 50 .load connected to the transmitter to re-place the antenna for testing purposes.
Duplex An operation mode in which the transmit and receive fre-quencies are different.
Duplexer A device which divides transmit and receive signals.
Duty cycle The ratios of transmit to receive time.
Dx’pedition Trip to foreign land to “be DX.”
EBS (Emergency Broadcast System) A system where at first an attention tone is transmitted over all station ad the second tone followed with specific instruc-tion regarding the receivable frequency in the national emer-gency.
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory)
EME (Earth-Moon-Earth) Moon bounce communication.
EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) Often called RFI (Radio-Frequency Interference).
Emission Transmission of a signal
Encryption Transmitting cryptic form so that only certain people under-stand what has been sent.
Fading Signal reduction due to atmospherics.
Filter A circuit designed to pass only the desired frequency(s).
FM 1) Frequency Modulation 2) FM broadcast
FSK (Frequency Shift Keying)
FSTV (Fast Scan TV) Graphics (and audio) communication using TV broadcast sig-nals, requires a wide bandwidth.
Full duplex An operation mode, which transmits and receives on differ-ent frequencies at the same time, as a telephone communi-cation. F G
Ground Plane A type of Omni-directional antenna
Ground Wave Electrical wave directly travelling from transmitter.
Grounding Electrical connection to the earth.
Harmonic Multiple of a fundamental frequency.
HF (High Frequency) 3–30 MHz range signals. (Normally, 1.9 MHz band also in-cluded.)
HPF (High Pass Filter)
Hz (Hertz)
IC (Integrated Circuit)
IF (Intermediate Frequency) Internally converted frequency for amplification and other sig-nal processing.
IF shift A function that electronically shifts IF frequency from a center frequency.
IMD (Inter-Modulation Distortion) Distortion within RF circuits made with upper and lower adja-cent channel signals.
LF (Low Frequency) 30–300 kHz range signals.
Li-Ion (Lithium Ion) Rechargeable battery which has better capacity than Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, etc., no memory effect after repeated non-full charge/discharge cycles.
LPF (Low Pass Filter)
LSB (Lower Side Band)
MARS (Military Affiliate Radio Service)
Memory bank A set of memory channels organized into a group.
Memory effect Rechargeable batteries such as Ni-Cd and Ni-MH types may be temporality getting less capacity as a result of repeated non-full charge/discharge cycles. It is called so since rechargeable batteries lose capacity as if “memorize” wrong full capacity level at less than full charge. Li-Ion batteries are free from this effect.
MF (Medium Frequency) 300 kHz–3 MHz range signals
MIC (MICrophone)
Modulation Method of adding information to a radio frequency carrier
NB (Noise Blanker) A function reducing pulse-type noises.
NBFM (Narrow Band FM)
Ni-Cd (Nickel-Cadmium)
Ni-MH (Nickel-Metal Hydride)
Notch filter Sharp and narrow rejection filter for elimination of interfering signals
NR (Noise Reduction) DSP feature reduces unwanted signal noise
Offset frequency Frequency difference between transmits and receives.
OSC (OSCillator)
PA (Power Amplifier)
Parawatch (=Dualwatch)
PBT (PassBand Tuning) A function electronically reduce interference by narrowing IF bandwidth
PEP (Peak Envelope Power) RF power at maximum amplitude.
PLL (Phase Locked Loop) Circuit to synthesize the different frequencies a radio will op-erate on.
Pocket beep Beeping function when specific signal is received.
Priority watch Reception mode, which by a selected frequency is always pe-riodically, checked when VFO is set to different frequency
PTT (Push To Talk)
PWR (PoWeR)
Reflected power Non-radiated power dissipated as heat when the transmitter is mismatched to the antenna or load.
Repeater Radio systems, which receive incoming signal and re-trans-mit it for extended communication area. Normally put on ge-ographically high locations for VHF/UHF hand portables.
RF (Radio Frequency)
RF ground Connection of amateur equipment to earth ground to elimi-nate hazards from RF exposure and reduce RFI.
RFI (Radio Frequency Interference)
RIT (Receiver Incremental Tuning) Fine-tuning receive frequency without changing displayed or memory frequency.
RTTY (Radio TeleTYpe)
RX (Receive)
S/N (Signal to Noise ratio)
SAR (Search And Rescue )
Scan Continually sweeping frequencies looking for signals.
Scan Edge End and start frequencies for a scanning range.
Scratch Pad Memory Temporary frequency memories for quick access.
Semi Duplex An operation mode in which transmits and receives is ac-complished on different frequencies alternatively.
Sensitivity Indicates how weak a signal the receiver will pick up.
Set mode An operation mode used for radio. To set less frequently used control features.
Simplex An operation mode where transmit and receive frequency is same.
Skywarn Trained volunteer storm spotters for the National Weather Service.
SMA (Sub-Miniature a connector) Type of antenna connector, used in VHF/UHF portable.
SP (SPeaker)
Split A mode in which the transmit and receive frequency is differ-ent.
SQL (SQueLch) A function muting audio output for set conditions.
SSB (Single Side Band)
SSTV (Slow Scan TV) Graphics communication using narrow bandwidth.
SWL (Short Wave Listener)
SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) Measurement of forward vs. reflected power output during transmit.
TCXO (Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator) Heated crystal oscillator for better frequency stability.
TNC 1) Terminal Node Controller Modem for data communication. 2) A type of antenna connector
TOT (Time Out Timer) Time limiting function for continued repeater or other opera-tions.
TS (Tuning Step) Incremental steps
TSQL (Tone SQueLch) Squelch function using subaudible tones, selective call.
TVI (TeleVision Interference)
TX (Transmit)
T.UHF (Ultra High Frequency) 300 MHz–3 GHz range signals.
Uplink (Downlink) Frequency that user transmits to the repeater or satellite.
USB (Upper Side Band)
UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) An astronomical time based on the Greenwich meridian (zero degrees longitude
VFO (Variable Frequency Oscillator) An operation mode in which operator can change frequency freely.
VHF (Very High Frequency) 30–300 MHz range signals.
VOX (Voice Operated transmission) A function automatically put the transmitter in transmit when talk into a microphone.
VSC 1) Voice Scan Control 2) Voice Squelch Control